Primer of postoperative pruritus for anesthesiologists.

Effects of adding 5 mg meperidine to 10 mg bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia on postoperative pain in cesarean section surgery

Introduction: Meperidine has the advantages of being widely available and inexpensive. It would be highly cost-benefit if it is used at doses that are without any side-effect. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of meperidine 5 mg as an additive to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia on postoperative pain in cesarean section surgery. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial w...

Morphine patient controlled analgesia for postoperative analgesia in patients who have transplanted cadaver donor kidneys.

INTRODUCTION Patients who have chronic renal disease present challenges to anesthesiologists because of the sequelae of the underlying disease. Postoperative pain is usually mild to moderate after renal transplantation and is a concern because of underlying co-morbidities and variable responses of the graft. Effective postoperative pain management contributes to a a successful outcome after ren...

Relative value to surgical patients and anesthesia providers of selected anesthesia related outcomes

BACKGROUND Anesthesia side effects are almost inevitable in most situations. In order to optimize the anesthetic experience from the patient's viewpoint, it makes intuitive sense to attempt to avoid the side effects that the patient fears the most. METHODS We obtained rankings and quantitative estimates of the relative importance of nine experiences that commonly occur after anesthesia and su...

The effect of promethazine on intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus in caesarean section patients

Background: Adding morphine as adjuvant intrathecal drug for cesarean section is a gold standard for post-operative analgesia according to literature, but because of frequent incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus, it has limited popularity. Various mechanisms have been demonstrated for the opioid-induced pruritus, with a variety of medications with different mechanisms of actions for preve...

Medical history for anesthesiologists: Lesson 3. Medical history for anesthesiologists: continuation of a primer.